Build a WordPress Deployment Pipeline with WP-CLI and Bash

1. Development  → Code changes made locally
2. Testing      → Automated tests verify changes
3. Staging      → Deploy to staging environment
4. Validation   → Manual/automated verification
5. Production   → Deploy to live site
6. Monitoring   → Track deployment health

#!/bin/bash
# deploy-wordpress.sh - Basic deployment script

set -euo pipefail

REPO_URL="git@github.com:yourcompany/wordpress-site.git"
DEPLOY_PATH="/var/www/production"
BRANCH="main"

cd "$DEPLOY_PATH"

echo "Starting deployment..."

# Pull latest code
git fetch origin
git reset --hard "origin/$BRANCH"

# Install/update dependencies
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader

# Run database migrations
wp db migrate

# Clear caches
wp cache flush
wp rewrite flush

# Build assets (if needed)
npm run build

echo "✓ Deployment complete"

#!/bin/bash
# deploy-with-backup.sh

set -euo pipefail

DEPLOY_PATH="/var/www/production"
BACKUP_DIR="/backups/deployments"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

cd "$DEPLOY_PATH"

# Create pre-deployment backup
echo "Creating backup..."
mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"

wp db export "$BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sql.gz"
git rev-parse HEAD > "$BACKUP_DIR/git-commit-$DATE.txt"

# Deploy
echo "Deploying..."
git pull origin main

composer install --no-dev

# Database updates
wp db migrate || {
    echo "Migration failed, rolling back..."
    wp db import "$BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sql.gz"
    git reset --hard $(cat "$BACKUP_DIR/git-commit-$DATE.txt")
    exit 1
}

# Clear caches
wp cache flush

echo "✓ Deployment complete"
echo "Backup: $BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sql.gz"

#!/bin/bash
# deploy-staging-to-production.sh

set -euo pipefail

STAGING_PATH="/var/www/staging"
PROD_PATH="/var/www/production"
BACKUP_DIR="/backups/production"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

echo "=== Staging to Production Deployment ==="

# Step 1: Backup production
echo "Step 1/6: Backing up production..."
cd "$PROD_PATH"

wp db export "$BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sql.gz"
tar -czf "$BACKUP_DIR/files-$DATE.tar.gz" \
    wp-content/plugins \
    wp-content/themes \
    wp-content/uploads

echo "✓ Backup complete"

# Step 2: Get staging code version
echo "Step 2/6: Getting staging version..."
cd "$STAGING_PATH"
STAGING_COMMIT=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
echo "Staging commit: $STAGING_COMMIT"

# Step 3: Deploy code to production
echo "Step 3/6: Deploying code..."
cd "$PROD_PATH"

# Enable maintenance mode
wp maintenance-mode activate

git fetch origin
git reset --hard "$STAGING_COMMIT"

# Step 4: Install dependencies
echo "Step 4/6: Installing dependencies..."
composer install --no-dev --no-interaction

# Build assets
npm run build

# Step 5: Run database migrations
echo "Step 5/6: Running database migrations..."
if ! wp db migrate; then
    echo "✗ Migration failed, rolling back..."
    wp db import "$BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sql.gz"
    wp maintenance-mode deactivate
    exit 1
fi

# Step 6: Final checks and cleanup
echo "Step 6/6: Final checks..."

# Verify WordPress works
if ! wp core is-installed; then
    echo "✗ WordPress check failed, rolling back..."
    wp db import "$BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sql.gz"
    wp maintenance-mode deactivate
    exit 1
fi

# Clear caches
wp cache flush
wp rewrite flush

# Disable maintenance mode
wp maintenance-mode deactivate

echo "=== Deployment Complete ==="
echo "Deployed commit: $STAGING_COMMIT"
echo "Backup: $BACKUP_DIR/db-$DATE.sql.gz"

#!/bin/bash
# validate-deployment.sh

SITE_URL="$1"

echo "Validating deployment..."

# Test homepage
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "$SITE_URL")
if [ "$HTTP_CODE" != "200" ]; then
    echo "✗ Homepage failed: HTTP $HTTP_CODE"
    exit 1
fi
echo "✓ Homepage accessible"

# Test admin
ADMIN_CODE=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "$SITE_URL/wp-admin/")
if [ "$ADMIN_CODE" != "200" ] && [ "$ADMIN_CODE" != "302" ]; then
    echo "✗ Admin failed: HTTP $ADMIN_CODE"
    exit 1
fi
echo "✓ Admin accessible"

# Test critical pages
for PAGE in "/about" "/contact" "/shop"; do
    CODE=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "$SITE_URL$PAGE")
    if [ "$CODE" = "200" ]; then
        echo "✓ $PAGE accessible"
    else
        echo "⚠ $PAGE returned HTTP $CODE"
    fi
done

echo "✓ Validation complete"

#!/bin/bash
# zero-downtime-deploy.sh

set -euo pipefail

DEPLOY_BASE="/var/www/releases"
CURRENT_LINK="/var/www/current"
SHARED_DIR="/var/www/shared"
RELEASE_ID=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
RELEASE_PATH="$DEPLOY_BASE/$RELEASE_ID"

echo "=== Zero-Downtime Deployment ==="
echo "Release ID: $RELEASE_ID"

# Create new release directory
mkdir -p "$RELEASE_PATH"
cd "$RELEASE_PATH"

# Clone code
git clone --depth 1 git@github.com:yourcompany/site.git .

# Link shared directories
ln -s "$SHARED_DIR/wp-content/uploads" wp-content/uploads
ln -s "$SHARED_DIR/wp-config.php" wp-config.php

# Install dependencies
composer install --no-dev

# Build assets
npm run build

# Database migrations (on shared database)
cd "$SHARED_DIR"
wp db migrate --path="$RELEASE_PATH"

# Atomic switch to new release
ln -sfn "$RELEASE_PATH" "$CURRENT_LINK"

# Webserver points to /var/www/current

# Cleanup old releases (keep last 5)
cd "$DEPLOY_BASE"
ls -t | tail -n +6 | xargs rm -rf

echo "✓ Deployment complete"
echo "Current release: $RELEASE_ID"

#!/bin/bash
# blue-green-deploy.sh

BLUE_PATH="/var/www/blue"
GREEN_PATH="/var/www/green"
CURRENT_LINK="/var/www/current"

# Determine inactive environment
if [ "$(readlink $CURRENT_LINK)" = "$BLUE_PATH" ]; then
    INACTIVE="$GREEN_PATH"
    INACTIVE_NAME="green"
else
    INACTIVE="$BLUE_PATH"
    INACTIVE_NAME="blue"
fi

echo "Deploying to inactive environment: $INACTIVE_NAME"

cd "$INACTIVE"

# Deploy to inactive
git pull origin main
composer install --no-dev
npm run build

# Test inactive environment
if curl -f "http://localhost:8080" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "✓ Inactive environment healthy"
else
    echo "✗ Inactive environment failed health check"
    exit 1
fi

# Switch traffic to new version
ln -sfn "$INACTIVE" "$CURRENT_LINK"

# Reload webserver
systemctl reload nginx

echo "✓ Switched to $INACTIVE_NAME environment"

#!/bin/bash
# db-migrate.sh - Run database migrations

MIGRATIONS_DIR="/var/www/db/migrations"
APPLIED_FILE="/var/www/db/applied-migrations.txt"

touch "$APPLIED_FILE"

echo "Running database migrations..."

for MIGRATION in $(ls "$MIGRATIONS_DIR"/*.sql | sort); do
    MIGRATION_NAME=$(basename "$MIGRATION")

    # Check if already applied
    if grep -q "$MIGRATION_NAME" "$APPLIED_FILE"; then
        echo "⊘ Skipping: $MIGRATION_NAME (already applied)"
        continue
    fi

    echo "Applying: $MIGRATION_NAME"

    # Run migration
    if wp db query < "$MIGRATION"; then
        echo "$MIGRATION_NAME" >> "$APPLIED_FILE"
        echo "✓ Applied: $MIGRATION_NAME"
    else
        echo "✗ Failed: $MIGRATION_NAME"
        exit 1
    fi
done

echo "✓ All migrations applied"

# Migration file structure
# migrations/001-add-custom-table.sql (up)
# migrations/001-add-custom-table-rollback.sql (down)

#!/bin/bash
# rollback-migration.sh

MIGRATION_ID="$1"
MIGRATIONS_DIR="/var/www/db/migrations"

ROLLBACK_FILE="$MIGRATIONS_DIR/${MIGRATION_ID}-rollback.sql"

if [ ! -f "$ROLLBACK_FILE" ]; then
    echo "✗ Rollback file not found: $ROLLBACK_FILE"
    exit 1
fi

echo "Rolling back migration: $MIGRATION_ID"
wp db query < "$ROLLBACK_FILE"

echo "✓ Rollback complete"

#!/bin/bash
# notify-deployment.sh

SLACK_WEBHOOK="https://hooks.slack.com/services/YOUR/WEBHOOK/URL"
STATUS="$1"  # success or failure
COMMIT="$2"
DEPLOYER="$3"

if [ "$STATUS" = "success" ]; then
    COLOR="good"
    MESSAGE="Deployment successful"
else
    COLOR="danger"
    MESSAGE="Deployment failed"
fi

curl -X POST "$SLACK_WEBHOOK" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -d "{
        \"attachments\": [{
            \"color\": \"$COLOR\",
            \"title\": \"$MESSAGE\",
            \"fields\": [
                {\"title\": \"Environment\", \"value\": \"Production\", \"short\": true},
                {\"title\": \"Commit\", \"value\": \"$COMMIT\", \"short\": true},
                {\"title\": \"Deployed by\", \"value\": \"$DEPLOYER\", \"short\": true}
            ]
        }]
    }"

#!/bin/bash
# email-deployment-report.sh

EMAIL="team@example.com"
STATUS="$1"
DETAILS="$2"

SUBJECT="WordPress Deployment $STATUS"

cat <<EOF | mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$EMAIL"
WordPress Deployment Report
===========================

Status: $STATUS
Time: $(date)
Server: $(hostname)
Deployed by: $(whoami)

Details:
$DETAILS

Automated deployment system
EOF

#!/bin/bash
# deploy.sh - Complete deployment pipeline

set -euo pipefail

ENVIRONMENT="${1:-staging}"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/deployments/deploy-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log"

mkdir -p "$(dirname $LOG_FILE)"

log() {
    echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $@" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

notify() {
    ./notify-deployment.sh "$1" "$2" "$(whoami)"
}

log "=== Deployment Started ==="
log "Environment: $ENVIRONMENT"

# Pre-deployment checks
log "Running pre-deployment checks..."
./pre-deploy-check.sh "$ENVIRONMENT" || {
    log "✗ Pre-deployment checks failed"
    notify "failure" "Pre-deployment checks failed"
    exit 1
}

# Backup
log "Creating backup..."
./backup.sh "$ENVIRONMENT"

# Deploy code
log "Deploying code..."
./deploy-code.sh "$ENVIRONMENT" || {
    log "✗ Code deployment failed"
    ./rollback.sh "$ENVIRONMENT"
    notify "failure" "Code deployment failed"
    exit 1
}

# Database migrations
log "Running database migrations..."
./db-migrate.sh || {
    log "✗ Database migration failed"
    ./rollback.sh "$ENVIRONMENT"
    notify "failure" "Database migration failed"
    exit 1
}

# Post-deployment validation
log "Validating deployment..."
./validate-deployment.sh "$ENVIRONMENT" || {
    log "✗ Validation failed"
    ./rollback.sh "$ENVIRONMENT"
    notify "failure" "Deployment validation failed"
    exit 1
}

# Success
log "=== Deployment Complete ==="
notify "success" "Deployment to $ENVIRONMENT successful"

echo "✓ Deployment successful"
echo "Log: $LOG_FILE"