WordPress Site Cloning and Migration Automation with WP-CLI

#!/bin/bash
# clone-wordpress-site.sh - Clone WordPress site locally

set -euo pipefail

SOURCE_PATH="$1"
DEST_PATH="$2"

if [ -z "$SOURCE_PATH" ] || [ -z "$DEST_PATH" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <source_path> <dest_path>"
    exit 1
fi

echo "Cloning WordPress site..."
echo "Source: $SOURCE_PATH"
echo "Destination: $DEST_PATH"

# Create destination directory
mkdir -p "$DEST_PATH"

# Copy WordPress files
echo "Copying files..."
rsync -av --exclude='wp-content/cache' \
    --exclude='wp-content/backup*' \
    "$SOURCE_PATH/" "$DEST_PATH/"

# Export database from source
echo "Exporting database..."
cd "$SOURCE_PATH"
wp db export /tmp/clone-db.sql

# Create new database config for destination
cd "$DEST_PATH"

# Get source database details
SOURCE_DB=$(wp config get DB_NAME)
SOURCE_USER=$(wp config get DB_USER)
SOURCE_PASS=$(wp config get DB_PASSWORD)

# Create new database
NEW_DB="cloned_${SOURCE_DB}"
mysql -u"$SOURCE_USER" -p"$SOURCE_PASS" -e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS ${NEW_DB};"

# Update wp-config.php
wp config set DB_NAME "$NEW_DB"

# Import database
echo "Importing database..."
wp db import /tmp/clone-db.sql

# Cleanup
rm /tmp/clone-db.sql

# Update URLs if needed
SOURCE_URL=$(wp option get siteurl)
echo "Current site URL: $SOURCE_URL"
read -p "Enter new site URL (or press Enter to keep same): " NEW_URL

if [ -n "$NEW_URL" ]; then
    echo "Updating URLs..."
    wp search-replace "$SOURCE_URL" "$NEW_URL"
    wp option update home "$NEW_URL"
    wp option update siteurl "$NEW_URL"
fi

# Clear caches
wp cache flush
wp rewrite flush

echo "✓ Clone complete: $DEST_PATH"

chmod +x clone-wordpress-site.sh
./clone-wordpress-site.sh /var/www/production /var/www/staging

#!/bin/bash
# migrate-wordpress-remote.sh - Migrate between servers

set -euo pipefail

SOURCE_HOST="$1"
SOURCE_PATH="$2"
DEST_PATH="$3"
OLD_URL="$4"
NEW_URL="$5"

if [ -z "$NEW_URL" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <source_host> <source_path> <dest_path> <old_url> <new_url>"
    echo "Example: $0 user@old-server.com /var/www/html /var/www/html https://oldsite.com https://newsite.com"
    exit 1
fi

TEMP_DIR="/tmp/wp-migration-$"
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

mkdir -p "$TEMP_DIR"

echo "=== WordPress Remote Migration Started ==="
echo "From: $SOURCE_HOST:$SOURCE_PATH"
echo "To: $DEST_PATH"
echo "URL: $OLD_URL → $NEW_URL"

# Step 1: Export database from source
echo "Step 1/6: Exporting database from source..."
ssh "$SOURCE_HOST" "cd $SOURCE_PATH && wp db export - | gzip" > "$TEMP_DIR/database.sql.gz"

# Verify database export
DB_SIZE=$(stat -c%s "$TEMP_DIR/database.sql.gz")
if [ "$DB_SIZE" -lt 1000 ]; then
    echo "✗ Database export too small, aborting"
    exit 1
fi

# Step 2: Transfer files from source
echo "Step 2/6: Transferring files from source..."
rsync -avz --progress \
    --exclude='wp-content/cache/*' \
    --exclude='wp-content/backup*' \
    "$SOURCE_HOST:$SOURCE_PATH/" "$DEST_PATH/"

# Step 3: Backup destination (if exists)
if [ -d "$DEST_PATH" ]; then
    echo "Step 3/6: Backing up destination..."
    cd "$DEST_PATH"
    if wp core is-installed 2>/dev/null; then
        wp db export "/backups/dest-before-migration-$DATE.sql.gz" || true
    fi
fi

# Step 4: Import database
echo "Step 4/6: Importing database..."
cd "$DEST_PATH"
wp db import "$TEMP_DIR/database.sql.gz"

# Step 5: Update URLs
echo "Step 5/6: Updating URLs..."
wp search-replace "$OLD_URL" "$NEW_URL" --dry-run --report
wp search-replace "$OLD_URL" "$NEW_URL"
wp search-replace "//$(echo $OLD_URL | sed 's~http[s]*://~~')" "//$(echo $NEW_URL | sed 's~http[s]*://~~')"

# Update WordPress options
wp option update home "$NEW_URL"
wp option update siteurl "$NEW_URL"

# Step 6: Verify and cleanup
echo "Step 6/6: Verifying migration..."
if wp core is-installed; then
    echo "✓ WordPress installation verified"
else
    echo "✗ WordPress verification failed"
    exit 1
fi

if wp db check; then
    echo "✓ Database healthy"
else
    echo "✗ Database issues detected"
    exit 1
fi

# Clear caches
wp cache flush
wp rewrite flush

# Cleanup
rm -rf "$TEMP_DIR"

echo "=== Migration Complete ==="
echo "Site URL: $NEW_URL"
echo "Backup: /backups/dest-before-migration-$DATE.sql.gz"

#!/bin/bash
# push-to-production.sh - Push staging to production

STAGING_PATH="/var/www/staging"
PROD_PATH="/var/www/production"
STAGING_URL="https://staging.example.com"
PROD_URL="https://example.com"

read -p "This will overwrite production. Continue? (y/n) " -n 1 -r
echo
if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
    exit 0
fi

# Backup production first
cd "$PROD_PATH"
echo "Backing up production..."
wp db export "/backups/prod-$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql.gz"

# Export from staging
cd "$STAGING_PATH"
echo "Exporting staging..."
wp db export /tmp/staging-push.sql.gz

# Copy files
echo "Copying files..."
rsync -av --delete \
    --exclude='wp-config.php' \
    "$STAGING_PATH/" "$PROD_PATH/"

# Import to production
cd "$PROD_PATH"
echo "Importing database..."
wp db import /tmp/staging-push.sql.gz

# Update URLs
echo "Updating URLs for production..."
wp search-replace "$STAGING_URL" "$PROD_URL"
wp option update home "$PROD_URL"
wp option update siteurl "$PROD_URL"

# Clear caches
wp cache flush
wp rewrite flush

# Cleanup
rm /tmp/staging-push.sql.gz

echo "✓ Staging pushed to production"

#!/bin/bash
# selective-clone.sh - Clone only specific components

SOURCE_PATH="$1"
DEST_PATH="$2"
CLONE_TYPE="$3"  # database, files, plugins, themes, uploads

case "$CLONE_TYPE" in
    database)
        echo "Cloning database only..."
        cd "$SOURCE_PATH"
        wp db export /tmp/db-clone.sql.gz
        cd "$DEST_PATH"
        wp db import /tmp/db-clone.sql.gz
        rm /tmp/db-clone.sql.gz
        ;;

    files)
        echo "Cloning files only..."
        rsync -av "$SOURCE_PATH/" "$DEST_PATH/"
        ;;

    plugins)
        echo "Cloning plugins..."
        rsync -av "$SOURCE_PATH/wp-content/plugins/" "$DEST_PATH/wp-content/plugins/"
        ;;

    themes)
        echo "Cloning themes..."
        rsync -av "$SOURCE_PATH/wp-content/themes/" "$DEST_PATH/wp-content/themes/"
        ;;

    uploads)
        echo "Cloning uploads..."
        rsync -av "$SOURCE_PATH/wp-content/uploads/" "$DEST_PATH/wp-content/uploads/"
        ;;

    *)
        echo "Usage: $0 <source> <dest> <database|files|plugins|themes|uploads>"
        exit 1
        ;;
esac

echo "✓ Selective clone complete"

#!/bin/bash
# clone-sanitized.sh - Clone for development, remove sensitive data

SOURCE_PATH="$1"
DEST_PATH="$2"

# Clone site
bash /usr/local/bin/clone-wordpress-site.sh "$SOURCE_PATH" "$DEST_PATH"

cd "$DEST_PATH"

echo "Sanitizing clone for development..."

# Deactivate security plugins
wp plugin deactivate wordfence sucuri-scanner --quiet

# Remove sensitive data
echo "Removing sensitive user data..."

# Anonymize user emails
for user_id in $(wp user list --field=ID); do
    USERNAME=$(wp user get $user_id --field=user_login)
    wp user update $user_id --user_email="${USERNAME}@example.test"
done

# Remove real passwords (force password reset)
for user_id in $(wp user list --field=ID); do
    wp user update $user_id --user_pass="development"
done

# Remove payment gateway credentials
wp option update woocommerce_stripe_settings '{"enabled":"no"}'
wp option update woocommerce_paypal_settings '{"enabled":"no"}'

# Disable external services
wp plugin deactivate google-analytics mailchimp --quiet

# Enable debug mode
wp config set WP_DEBUG true --raw
wp config set WP_DEBUG_LOG true --raw

echo "✓ Clone sanitized for development"

#!/bin/bash
# sync-environments.sh - Sync between dev/staging/prod

OPERATION="$1"  # pull or push
ENV_FROM="$2"   # dev, staging, prod
ENV_TO="$3"     # dev, staging, prod

# Environment paths
declare -A PATHS=(
    ["dev"]="/var/www/dev"
    ["staging"]="/var/www/staging"
    ["prod"]="/var/www/production"
)

# Environment URLs
declare -A URLS=(
    ["dev"]="http://dev.local"
    ["staging"]="https://staging.example.com"
    ["prod"]="https://example.com"
)

if [ -z "$ENV_TO" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <pull|push> <from_env> <to_env>"
    echo "Environments: dev, staging, prod"
    exit 1
fi

SOURCE_PATH="${PATHS[$ENV_FROM]}"
DEST_PATH="${PATHS[$ENV_TO]}"
SOURCE_URL="${URLS[$ENV_FROM]}"
DEST_URL="${URLS[$ENV_TO]}"

echo "Syncing $ENV_FROM → $ENV_TO"

# Confirmation for production
if [ "$ENV_TO" == "prod" ]; then
    read -p "WARNING: Syncing to production. Continue? (y/n) " -n 1 -r
    echo
    if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
        exit 0
    fi
fi

# Backup destination
cd "$DEST_PATH"
echo "Backing up $ENV_TO..."
wp db export "/backups/${ENV_TO}-before-sync-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql.gz"

# Clone
cd "$SOURCE_PATH"
wp db export /tmp/env-sync.sql.gz

rsync -av \
    --exclude='wp-config.php' \
    --exclude='wp-content/cache' \
    "$SOURCE_PATH/" "$DEST_PATH/"

cd "$DEST_PATH"
wp db import /tmp/env-sync.sql.gz

# Update URLs
wp search-replace "$SOURCE_URL" "$DEST_URL"
wp option update home "$DEST_URL"
wp option update siteurl "$DEST_URL"

# Clear caches
wp cache flush
wp rewrite flush

rm /tmp/env-sync.sql.gz

echo "✓ Environment sync complete: $ENV_FROM → $ENV_TO"

#!/bin/bash
# verify-clone.sh - Verify WordPress clone

CLONE_PATH="$1"

if [ -z "$CLONE_PATH" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <clone_path>"
    exit 1
fi

cd "$CLONE_PATH"

echo "Verifying WordPress clone..."

# Check WordPress is installed
if ! wp core is-installed 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "✗ WordPress not properly installed"
    exit 1
fi
echo "✓ WordPress installed"

# Check database connection
if ! wp db check 2>/dev/null; then
    echo "✗ Database connection failed"
    exit 1
fi
echo "✓ Database connected"

# Verify post count matches
# (Would need original count passed in for real comparison)
POST_COUNT=$(wp post list --format=count)
echo "✓ Posts: $POST_COUNT"

# Verify user count
USER_COUNT=$(wp user list --format=count)
echo "✓ Users: $USER_COUNT"

# Verify plugins
PLUGIN_COUNT=$(wp plugin list --format=count)
echo "✓ Plugins: $PLUGIN_COUNT"

# Check for broken URLs
SITE_URL=$(wp option get siteurl)
echo "Site URL: $SITE_URL"

# Test site accessibility
if curl -f -s "$SITE_URL" > /dev/null; then
    echo "✓ Site accessible"
else
    echo "✗ Site not accessible"
    exit 1
fi

# Verify file permissions
if [ -w wp-content ]; then
    echo "✓ wp-content writable"
else
    echo "✗ wp-content not writable"
fi

echo "✓ Clone verification complete"